Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.
Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Primary Care: Clinics in Office PracticeAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- A Review of the Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Ann Pharmacother. 2014; 48: 209-225
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: AAP Updates Guideline for Diagnosis and Management.Am Fam Physician. 2020; 102: 58-60
- The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.Am J Psychiatry. 2006; 163: 716-723
- Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan.Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018; 28: 1059-1088
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Teens: What You Need to Know. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH).(Available at:) (Accessed May 12, 2022)
- Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Mol Psychiatry. 2019; 24: 562-575
- The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based Conclusions about the Disorder.Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021; 128: 789-818
- CDC. Research on ADHD | CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.(Available at:) (Accessed May 12, 2022)
- Etiologic Classification of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Pediatrics. 2008; 121: e358-e365
- What causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?.Arch Dis Child. 2012; 97: 260-265
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders and Other Psychiatric Outcomes in Very Low Birthweight Children at 12 Years.J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997; 38: 931-941
- ADHD: an integration with pediatric traumatic brain injury.Expert Rev Neurother. 2012; 12: 475-483
- Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: neuroscientific basis and practical applications.5th ed. Cambridge University Press, 2021https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108975292
- Right parietal dysfunction in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type: a functional MRI study.Mol Psychiatry. 2007; 12: 826-832
- Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.5th edition. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC2013
- Diagnosis and Management of ADHD in Children.Am Fam Physician. 2014; 90: 456-464
- Adult ADHD and Comorbid Somatic Disease: A Systematic Literature Review.J Atten Disord. 2018; 22: 203-228
- NHS. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Symptoms. nhs.uk.(Available at:) (Accessed May 12, 2022)
- Patterns of Comorbidity, Functioning, and Service Use for US Children With ADHD, 2007.Pediatrics. 2011; 127: 462-470
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbidity: A review of literature.World J Clin Cases. 2019; 7: 2420-2426
- NICE Guidelines - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management.(Available at:)https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng87(Accessed March 1, 2022)Date: 2018
- Amphetamine, past and present – a pharmacological and clinical perspective.J Psychopharmacol Oxf Engl. 2013; 27: 479-496
- Methylphenidate Abuse and Psychiatric Side Effects.Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2000; 2: 159-164
- Controlled Substance Schedules.(Available at:) (Accessed January 23, 2022)
- Using Stimulants for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Clinical Approaches and Challenges.Prim Care Companion CNS Disord. 2013; 15 (PCC): 12f01472
- Food and Drug Administration. Adderall. FDA Label.(Available at:) (Accessed March 1, 2022)
- Clinical manual of child and adolescent psychopharmacology. Third.American Psychiatric Association Publishing, Arlington, VA2017
- Food and Drug Administration. Azstarys. HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION.(Available at:) (Accessed March 1, 2022)
- Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Effectiveness of Methylphenidate.Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999; 37: 457-470
- Food and Drug Administration. RITALIN and RITALIN-SR. HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION.(Available at:)https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/010187s071s082,018029s041s051lbl.pdf(Accessed March 1, 2022)Date: 2019
- ADHD Medication Guide.(Available at:) (Accessed April 12, 2022)
- Non–stimulant medications in thetreatment of ADHD.European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2004; 13: i102-i116https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-004-1010-x
- Comparative efficacy and acceptability of methylphenidate and atomoxetine in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis.BMC Psychiatry. 2011; 11: 176https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-11-176
- Atomoxetine and Osmotically Released Methylphenidate for the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Acute Comparison and Differential Response.American Journal of Psychiatry. 2008; 165: 721-730https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.05091676
- Viloxazine: Pediatric First Approval.Pediatric Drugs. 2021; 23: 403-409https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-021-00453-3
- Food and Drug Administration. Concerta. HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION.(Available at:) (Accessed March 1, 2022)
- Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Lancet Psychiatry. 2018; 5: 727-738
- A 14-Month Randomized Clinical Trial of Treatment Strategies for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999; 56: 1073-1086
- Psychosocial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children.J Clin Psychiatry. 2002; 63: 36-43
- Sweat it out? The effects of physical exercise on cognition and behavior in children and adults with ADHD: a systematic literature review.J Neural Transm. 2017; 124: 3-26
- HealthyChildren.org - From the American Academy of Pediatrics. HealthyChildren.org.(Available at:) (Accessed May 11, 2022)
- Biomarkers and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2012; 51: 1003-1019.e20
Article info
Footnotes
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Identification
Copyright
© 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.